Revisiting voluntarism: Private voluntary regulation by Employer Forums in the United Kingdom

The abstract contributes to the literature by identifying a new form of voluntarism, employer-led voluntarism Employer Forums in United Kingdom. carry out private voluntary regulation raise labour and social standards within their member firms through introducing codes conducts implementing norms assessments, benchmarking, certification. article compares this with traditional approach where unions employer associations regulate jointly collective bargaining. While scope, scale, impact diverge, both are underpinned Employment Relations non-state actors. Voluntarism is not secular decline, but instead continues emergence forms.